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DECORATIVE ART 1 9 4 0
Extrait
Premières pages de l'ouvrage, en accès libre.
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THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL ISSUE EDITED BY C. G. HOLME
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DECORATIVE ART 1 9 4 0 THE STUDIO YEAR BOOK THE STUDIO LIMITED, 44 LEICESTER SQUARE, LONDON, W.C.2 THE STUDIO PUBLICATIONS, INC., 381 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Editor would like to thank all the designers, manufacturers, agents and Associations who have assisted in the preparation of this issue of Decorative Art by lending photographs for reproduction. His thanks are equally due to those whose work is actually reproduced in this volume and to those who submitted excellent material which for reasons of space could not be included. He would also like to say that war-time conditions have not made the compiling of such an international collection easy, and would ask forgiveness for any errors which may have crept into the descriptions of the illustrations. Special thanks are also due to —the “Union Professionnelle des Decorateurs d’Interieurs de Belgique”: to the Rohsska Konstslojdmuseet, Sweden, and last but not least—to the authors of the introductory articles—Mrs. Grace Lovat Fraser and Mr. Howard Robertson. --- STUDIO Printed in England by Blackmore Press Limited 43 Belvedere Road, S.E.1
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CONTENTS THE EDITOR'S FOREWORD 10 DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE AND THE SECOND GREAT WAR by Howard Robertson, F.R.I.B.A., S.A.D.G., with illustrations by the Author 11 INTERIOR DECORATION AND FURNISHING IN 1939 by Mrs. Grace Lovat Fraser 40 ILLUSTRATED SECTIONS --- THE EXTERIOR --- THE HALL & STAIRCASE --- THE LIVING ROOM --- THE DINING ROOM --- THE BEDROOM --- THE BATHROOM --- THE KITCHEN --- FURNITURE --- TABLE DECOR --- GLASS & POTTERY --- METALWARE & LIGHTING --- HEATING --- FABRICS ---
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INDEX TO THE ILLUSTRATIONS COLOUR PLATES Dining Room. F. Yorke-Smith for Harrods Ltd., London . . . . 74 Bedroom in a Finnish Hotel. Ilmari Tapiovaara . . . . 75 "Meals Kitchen." Crane Company, Chicago . . . . 94 "Meals Kitchen." Crane Company, Chicago . . . . 95 An arrangement of American Fabrics with Royal Copenhagen Vase and Powder Bowl 106 Study-Living-room in a London Flat. John Trevor . . . . 116 Bar in a New York Apartment. Hugo Gnam, Jr. . . . . 117 An arrangement of British Fabrics . . . . 127 PLANS AND DRAWINGS Charlotte Perriand; France. Winter Sports Chalet . . . . 23 Sorin; France. The Chalet Chamberlain . . . . 24 Guerin and Herbulot; France. Week-end Hut . . . . 24 Elie Mayorcas; England. Country Cottage . . . . 24 Edgar Ranger; England. House for J. Hood Barrs, Esq. . . . . 28 Edgar Ranger; England. Country House . . . . 29 Michael Goodman; U.S.A. House for Mr. J. H. Jackson . . . . 33 Richard J. Neutra; U.S.A. House for Dr. and Mrs. Darling . . . . 34 Samuel G. Wiener; U.S.A. The Architect's own house . . . . 34 Stanley Hall & Easton and Robertson; England. House for Garden-lover and Owner-driver . . . . 36 Marcel Taverney; France. Week-end House near Melun . . . . 37 Le Corbusier and Jeanneret; France. Week-end House . . . . 39 Harwell Hamilton Harris; U.S.A. House for Mr. G. C. Bauer . . . . 39
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ARCHITECTS AND DESIGNERS (* indicates a reference to a colour plate) Anderson, Carl; U.S.A. 38, 39 Arbus, André; France 65, 80 Aronson, Joseph; U.S.A. 49, 66 Ashley (Ashley Havinden); England 54, 71 Asscher, Jos. E., & Co.; Holland 62 Ateliers d'Art de Ridder, S.A.; Belgium 78 Aufseeser, Hans; England 125 Bach, Alfons; U.S.A. 66, 122 Bagues; France 121 Baugniet, Marcel; Belgium 120 Beard, Freda; England 72 Berg, G. A.; Sweden 56, 57 Berkovich, Elmar; Holland 79 Best, R. D., and F. H. Cashmore; England 122 Bird Iles Limited; England 70, 93, 101 Blondel; Belgium 93 Böckman, Edgar; Sweden 114 Brom, J. E., and L.; Holland 119, 120 Bromberg, Paul; Holland 30 Broomhall, Vincent; U.S.A. 113 Bruhns, I. Da Silva; France 124 Carle, Alfred; Belgium 77 Carle, G.; Belgium 77 Cashmore, F. H., and R. D. Best; England 122 Casson, Hugh, A.R.I.B.A.; England 30 Chaney, G. J.; England 80 Chase, W. A.; England 95 Cheesman, Kenneth; England 83, 86 Churchill, Henry S.; U.S.A. 88 Contemporary Houses Inc.; U.S.A. 17 Copier, A. D.; Holland 111, 112 Cowper, Joan; England 115 Crane Co.'s Kitchen and Bathroom Planning Division; U.S.A. 84, 85, 86, 94, 95 Decerf, Robert; Belgium 62, 79 De Goeyse, Fritz; Belgium 77 De Lerma, Luigi; Holland 118 Dorn, Marion; England 51, 126 Dunn, Geoffrey; England 54, 55, 81 Easton, Honor; U.S.A. 60, 61, 68, 78, 90, 102 Easton, Mary; U.S.A. 124, 125 Falkenberg-Liefrinck, Ida; Holland 63 Faublée, René; France 73 Forbes and Tate; England 21 Fragner, Jaroslav; Czechoslovakia 49 Frank, Josef; Sweden 98 Frey, Alice; Belgium 77 Futurum; Sweden 55, 57, 76, 98 Gate, Simon; Sweden 111 Géo; France 66 Gertler, Mark; England 67 Ginsberg, Jean, and François Heep; France 69, 76, 77, 101 Gnam, Hugo, Jr.; U.S.A. *117 Goodman, Michael; U.S.A. 32, 33, 92 Gordon Russell, Ltd.; England 53, 67, 72, 98, 100, 102 Grant, Mary K.; U.S.A. 104 Green, W. Curtis, R.A.; England 123 Grierson, Ronald, N.R.D.; England 128 Gueden, Colette; France 107, 115 Guerin and Herbulot; France 24, 25 Guiguichon, Suzanne; France 80 Guild, Lurelle; U.S.A. 110, 126 Hall, Ralph E.; U.S.A. 104 Harris, Harwell Hamilton; U.S.A. 38, 39, 56, 60, 70 Hassall, T.; England 113 Havinden, Ashley; England 54, 71 Head, Chalfant; U.S.A. 30 Heal & Son Ltd.; England 70, 78 Heep, François, and Jean Ginsberg; France 69, 76, 77, 101 Herbulot, Guerin and; France 25 Hoekendijk, Karel; Holland 103 Hollman, Oswald; England 121 Honzik, Karel; Czechoslovakia 78 Howard, C. A.; England 123 Huntington, William R.; U.S.A. 26, 27, 59, 96 Huntington, William, and Robert Hutchins; U.S.A. 50, 96 Idestam-Blomberg; Sweden 76 Iles, J. B.; England 101 James, D. A.; England 55, 79 Jeanneret, Pierre, and Le Corbusier; France 38, 39 Jellicoe Page and Wilson; England 31 Jobs, Lisbet and Gocken; Sweden 113 Joel, Betty, Ltd.; England 55, 79 Johansson, Ann-Marie; Sweden 126 Johnson, T. H., & Son; England 21 Jonsson, Edna; Sweden 128 Kage, Wilhelm; Sweden 114 Kenrick, C. D.; England 100 Kindt-Larsen, Edv. and Tove; Denmark 54 Köhler, Margareta; Sweden 76, 98 Kybal, Antonin; Czechoslovakia 124 Lacoste, Gerald, A.R.I.B.A.; England 51 Larsen, A.; Denmark 105 Larsson, Axel; Sweden 54, 55, 56, 81, 98, 99 László, Paul; U.S.A. 26, 49, 64 Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret; France 38, 39 Leizer, Matthew R.; U.S.A. 12 Lewis, John, & Co. Ltd.; England 80 Lewis, Margaret; England 125 Lippert, Professor; Czechoslovakia 112 Livingstone, K. J.; England 102 Luce, Jean; France 105 Maas-Fjetterström, Märta; Sweden 128 Macalister, Paul, A.I.D.; U.S.A. 69 Machon, Ladislav; Czechoslovakia 62 Malmsten, C.; Sweden 98
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ARCHITECTS AND DESIGNERS (* indicates a reference to a colour plate) Marrot, Paule; France 99 Martinez, Ramos; 61 Mather, the late Aubrey, F.R.I.B.A.; England 122 Mayorcas, Elie, A.R.I.B.A., A.A.Dip.(Hons.); England 24, 25 McGarry, B. J.; U.S.A. 17 Mergentime, Marguerita; U.S.A. 109, 110 Miller, John Duncan (Decorations) Ltd.; England 51, 53, 54, 71, 72, 82, 100 Modernage; U.S.A. 52, 58, 82 Moore, Margaret; England *127 Moore, Riette Sturge; England 53 Murray, Keith; England 113 Myerscough-Walker, R., A.R.I.B.A.; England 66 Nándor, Katherine; Hungary 80 Neutra, Richard J.; U.S.A. 34, 35 Nielsen, Harald; Denmark 119 Nylund, Gunnar; Sweden 117 O'Connell, Michael; England 125 Olsen, Thorkild; Denmark *106 Outtelet, Léon, et Fils; Belgium 62 Paget, Paul, A.I.A.A., and the Hon. John Seely, F.R.I.B.A.; England 20, 72 Palickova-Mildeova, Professor E.; Czechoslovakia 94, 106, 108, 109 Palmquist; Sweden 75, 112 Parker, H. G.; England 98 Parzinger, Tommi; U.S.A. 69 Penaat, Willem; Holland 66, 78 Perriand, Charlotte; France 22, 23, 96, 97 Peter Jones Limited; England 66, 82 Porteneuve; France 52 Pryor, Jane; England 126 Ranger, Edgar, F.R.I.B.A.; England 20, 28, 29 Ravilious, Eric, A.R.C.A., N.R.D.; England 113 Read, A. B., A.R.C.A.; England 121 Reed, E. Winning; England *127 Renwick, Bessie M.; U.S.A. 110 Riesterer-Primavera; France 73 Rowley, A. J.; England 79 Rowley, Laurence A. J.; England 68, 95 Rowley Gallery of Decorative Art Ltd., The; England 68, 79, 95 Royère, Jean; France 76, 79, 99, 100, 105, 121, 124 Russell, R. D., N.R.D.; England 100, 102 Russell, W. H., N.R.D.; England 72, 98, 102 Salomonsky, Vera; U.S.A. 13 Schroder, Karl; Denmark 67 Schwadron, Ernst; U.S.A. 97, 101 Seely, the Hon. John, F.R.I.B.A., and Paul Paget, A.I.A.A.; England 20, 72 Simeon, Margaret; England 125 Söderberg, Bertil; Sweden 54 Sorin; France 24, 25 Spanjaard, Frits; Holland 64 Staehr-Nielsen, Eva; Denmark 118 Stanley Hall & Easton and Robertson; England 36 Stoddard, George Wellington, A.I.A.; U.S.A. 19 Summers, Gerald, N.R.D.; England 93 Symonds, R. W., & Partner, L. & A.R.I.B.A.; England 65, 81, 82, 84, 101 Tandy, John; England 125, *127 Tapiovaara, Ilmari; Finland *75 Taverney, Marcel; France 37 Teague, Walter Dorwin; U.S.A. 61, 104 Thorsson, Nils; Denmark 114 Trevor, John; England *116 Uhlen, Harriet; Sweden 76 Vago, Monique; France 81 Versen, Kurt; U.S.A. 96, 121 Villiers, Mrs.; England 71 Voltelen, Mogens; Denmark 77, 101, 108, 109 Vorechova, Maise; Czechoslovakia 114 Watts, W. S.; England 123 Weirauch, Svend; Denmark 119 Werkmaster, Jerk; Sweden 115 Whale, Grant; U.S.A. 64 Wiener, Samuel G.; U.S.A. 34, 35, 91 Wildenhain, Franz and Marguerite; Holland 118 Wilson, J. W.; England 102 Wilson, William, N.R.D.; England 111 Winkler, Otto; U.S.A. 34, 35 Worm, Piet; Holland 64 Wright, Frank Lloyd; U.S.A. 16, 17 Wright, Russel; U.S.A. 108, 109, 120, 122 Yorke-Smith, F.; England *74 Zaalberg; Holland 103, 118
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ASSOCIATIONS Föreningen Svensk Hemslöjd U.P.A.; Sweden 54, 128 Svenska Slöjdföreningen (Swedish Industrial Art Association); Sweden 50, 55, 57, 71 CERAMICS Copeland, W. T., & Sons Ltd.; Spode Works, England 113 Doulton & Co. Ltd.; Royal Doulton Potteries, England 115 Gladding McBean & Co.; U.S.A. 104 Gustavsberg Potteries; Sweden 114 Knowles, Edwin M., China Company; U.S.A. 113 Krebs, Nathalie; Denmark 118 Let Kruikje Pottery; Holland 118 National Factory of Porcelain; Denmark 105 Nittsjo Stenkarlsfabrik, AB.; Sweden 115 Rorsfands Porslinsfabrika, AB.; Sweden 117 Royal Copenhagen Porcelain Co. Ltd.; Denmark *106, 114 Wedgwood, Josiah, & Sons Ltd.; England 113 Zaalberg, Pottery; Holland 103, 118 FURNITURE AND DECORATION Asko-Tehtaat; Finland *75 Bath Cabinet Makers, The; England 101 Berg, G. A.; Sweden 56, 57 Dunn's of Bromley, Kent; England 54, 55, 81, 93 Easiwork Ltd.; England 99 Fritz Hansens Eftfl; Denmark 67, 98, 105 Futurum; Sweden 55, 57, 76, 98 Gouffé; France 76, 99, 100, 121 Grands Magasins du Printemps, Les; France 107, 115 Harrods Ltd.; England *74, 91, 92 Heal & Son Ltd.; England 70, 78 Heywood-Wakefield; U.S.A. 66 Jacmar; France 99 Makers of Simple Furniture Ltd., The; England 93 Metz & Co.; Holland 63, 66, 78, 79 Nielsen, With; Denmark 77, 101 Nordiska Kompaniet, AB.; Sweden 98 Parker, Frederick, & Sons Ltd.; England 98 Reen Brothers; Holland 64 Rena Rosenthal Inc. 97, 101 Svenska Möbelfabrikerna, AB.; Sweden 54, 55, 56, 68, 81, 98, 99 Svenskt Tenn, AB.; Sweden 98 Treitel Gratz Company; U.S.A. 110 Vodder, Niels; Denmark 109 GLASS Clark, James, & Son Ltd.; England 123 De Grelle Houdret & Company; Belgium 111 Kromer; Czechoslovakia 112 Nederlandsche Glasfabriek Leerdam, N.V.; Holland 111, 112 Orrefors Glassworks, Sweden 75, 111, 112 Pilkington Bros. Ltd.; England 83, 86 Powell, James, & Sons (Whitefriars) Ltd.; England 111 Pugh Bros. Ltd.; England 51, 71, 99, 122 Steuben Inc.; U.S.A. 74 Stevens & Williams Ltd.; England 113 HEATING, LIGHTING AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Anemostat; U.S.A. 69 Best & Lloyd Ltd.; England 122 Bratt Colbran Ltd. England 123 Builtwell Circulating Air Heating; U.S.A. 35 Candy & Co. Ltd.; England 123 Crane Company; U.S.A. 84, 85, 86, 94, 95 Detroit Jewel Stove; U.S.A. 35 General Electric Company; U.S.A. 87, 88, 89 Heatilator; U.S.A. 27 Lighting Centre, The (Troughton & Young Ltd.); England 121 Lightolier Company, The; U.S.A. 122 Mutual Sunset Lamp Manufacturing Company; U.S.A. 122 Norge Refrigerator; U.S.A. 35 Parkinson Stove Co. Ltd.; England 90 Shanks & Co. Ltd.; Scotland 86 Smith & Wellstood Ltd.; Scotland 90 Troughton & Young Ltd. (The Lighting Centre); England 121 Versen, Kurt, Company Inc.; U.S.A. 121 Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company; U.S.A. 87, 91 MATERIALS FOR DECORATION AND CONSTRUCTION Acousti-Celotex 35 Anderson wood casements 27 Armstrong Cork Company; U.S.A. 64 Dunlopillo 82 Herculite 58 Homosite Wallboard 27 Insulite 30 Klearflax 60 Korkoid 84 Salubra Wallpaper 85, 86 Vitrolite 83, 84 Vitroflex 83, 84 METALWARE Arlya; France 105 Cartier; U.S.A. 120 Chase Brass & Copper Company Inc.; U.S.A. 120 Community Plate 104 Delheid Frères; Belgium 120 Hingelberg, Frantz; Denmark 119 Jensen, Georg, Ltd.; Denmark 119 Kensington Inc.; U.S.A. 110 Madsen, Alfred; Denmark 108 Wright Accessories Inc.; U.S.A. 108, 109, 110, 120, 122 RADIO Murphy Radio Ltd.; England 102 Philco Radio & Television Corporation of Gt. Britain 102 TEXTILES Allan Walton Textiles; England *127 Atelje Miln; Sweden 116 British Celanese Ltd.; England 62, *127 Crossley, John, & Sons Ltd.; England 126 Donald Brothers Ltd.; Scotland 125, 126 Edinburgh Weavers; England 125, *127 Fabricoid 77 Foxton, W., Ltd.; England 126, 128 Licium, AB. Textilatelier; Sweden 126 Manufacture de Tapis de Savigny; France 124 Mohawk Carpet Mills Inc.; U.S.A. 126 Morton Sundour Fabrics Ltd.; England 98 Rhodia Fabrics; France 107 State Lace Schools, Czechoslovakia 94, 108, 109 Stroheim & Romann; U.S.A. *106, 126 Tomkinson's Ltd.; England 128
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EDITOR'S FOREWORD This thirty-fifth annual issue of Decorative Art is of more than usual significance. It marks the close of an era—the period between the first and second great wars of the twentieth century. Its illustrations reveal the state of development in domestic architecture, furniture and decoration in both Europe and America, immediately preceding an event which may change all preconceived ideas and theories of architects and designers as to what is desirable—the birth of war from the air on a major scale. The present moment provides a good opportunity for contemplation. Partial cessation of ordinary activities provides an occasion to review the progress of the past twenty-five years of experiment; to assess the development achieved; to weed out the false and the trivial; and to take stock of those movements in the sphere of Decorative Art which appear to be good by reason of their contribution to the common weal or their service to the cause of humanity. Science, invention, improvement in processes of manufacture plus design have increased opportunity. The present is a ripe moment to assess the extent to which they are being directed to full and economic use in the creation of better ordered and more amiable surroundings and the extermination of boredom and drudgery. Instead of the usual editorial commentary included in preceding issues, we have thought it desirable to obtain the views of specialists in the two spheres of “Domestic Architecture” and “Interior Decoration and Furnishing,” and have been fortunate in securing the collaboration of Mr. Howard Robertson, F.R.I.B.A., S.A.D.G., Honorary Associate of the American Institute of Architects, who writes on “Domestic Architecture and the Second Great War,” and Mrs. Grace Lovat Fraser, who considers “Interior Decoration and Furnishing in 1939.” Both have intimate connection with the United States, France and Great Britain. Both are recognised authorities, and have that priceless first-hand knowledge only to be acquired by extensive travel. Mr. Howard Robertson is the designer of the British Pavilion at the New York World’s Fair, and the author of three important books on architecture. He gained the French Government Diploma at the Beaux-Arts and has combined teaching and lecturing with the practice of his profession. Mrs. Lovat Fraser was born in Paris and educated in Rome, Milan and Munich. She was professionally associated with her husband, Claude Lovat Fraser, in theatrical design, has served on many important committees on Interior Decoration at International Exhibitions, and has acted as design consultant to many distinguished producers. In both contributions there is much food for thought, for both give serious consideration to the effect of modern war upon future tendencies. For example: the influence of air development upon ideas in the planning of homes of the future. We trust this issue of Decorative Art will both stimulate and encourage those who seek to use the knowledge and experience of to-day to the benefit of to-morrow. THE EDITOR
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DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE AND THE SECOND GREAT WAR BY HOWARD ROBERTSON, F.R.I.B.A., S.A.D.G. Edith Wharton tells a story of an elderly gentleman who spent the last years of his life sitting on a marble shelf thinking he was a bust of Napoleon. That seems a possible idea for architects in this beginning of the second Great War. They have little to do except to survey their past prowess in the battles of the styles which have been waged since Great War No. 1. Battles there have been, with various architectural creeds and convictions warring with each other, much in the same way that political parties and ideologies contend in the international arena. Architecture has become increasingly sensitive first to the science of sociology and then to the objectives of politicians. It is—at any rate the domestic brand—a highly developed form of shelter conditioned by all sorts of influences which in combination can be conveniently termed “environment.” It has to respond to the needs of individuals and of classes of people; and these latter are becoming increasingly defined. Each class, in choosing its architectural ambiance, seeks a self-expression, and certain types of architecture come to be associated with them. For instance, the lower middle-class which largely buys via the building society, is still somewhat feudally minded; it contains gentle and lovable home-owners who let off steam by spraying their roses and stoking the “Ideal.” Such people still cling to old world replicas, preferably with their half-timber associations. The upper crust of this category more willingly tolerates Georgian trimmings. But there is also a largish section which likes the “moderne,” and a smaller one which patronises the modern without the “e.” A few good small experimental houses have been built and lived in, designed by architects who understand the advanced contemporary idiom. They are sometimes marred by eccentricity, such as an over-abundance of glass in places where it is not wanted, circular stairs impassable for furniture or a coffin, and surprised looking balconies on which one cannot sit. But they do have an intellectual appeal, and in the alert sanity of their design represent the enlightened left-wing of their category. The upper middle classes run to conservatism; their town dwellings are Georgian, or occasionally Dutch or Californian, with or without green tile roofs. The country counterparts are old houses “tastefully modernised.” The left wing modernisation in this section is mostly located on seaside sites, where flat roofs are at home. The town-dwelling professional and business men classes reveal a split in tendencies. For them the architectural tree sprouts some new branches. There are the conservatives expressed by
